An Integrated Parcel-based Neighborhood Effect Model for Urban Land Use Allocation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Faculty of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Department of GIS, K.N.Toosi University of Technology,Tehran, Iran.

10.22059/eoge.2026.402924.1190

Abstract

Land use allocation is a main component of urban and regional planning and involves strategically distributing land for various purposes. Among the approaches used, cellular automata (CA) models, particularly parcel-based CA models, have gained attention because they can more accurately represent real-world spatial interactions in calculating neighborhood effects. However, traditional parcel-based neighborhood effect models often overlook the barrier effects of road networks and the spatial heterogeneity of land parcel distributions, which both strongly influence land use interactions. To address these limitations, this study presents an integrated neighborhood effect model that incorporates road network constraints and parcel distribution to improve urban land use allocation. The proposed model integrates two key factors. First, a road weight factor that differentiates the barrier effects of primary, secondary, and local roads. Second, a gravity factor that accounts for the spatial distribution of neighboring parcels based on land use type, area, and relative position. These factors are evaluated within an 800-meter parcel-based neighborhood effect framework. The presented model was implemented in Khoramdarreh city in Zanjan Province, Iran. The results show that the integrated parcel-based neighborhood interaction model improves the average overall neighborhood effect, which reflects better suitability of land use allocation, with increases of 0.20 for the gravity factor and 0.28 for the road weight factor. The model provides urban planners with a more precise and adaptive decision-support tool for spatial planning and sustainable land use management.

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